The successor to the Hipparcos mission (operational 1989вЂ“1993), Gaia is part of ESA's Horizon 2000+ long-term scientific program. This massive stellar census will provide the basic observational data to analyze a wide range of important questions related to the origin, structure, and evolutionary history of the Milky Way galaxy. The spectrophotometric measurements will provide the detailed physical properties of all stars observed, characterizing their luminosity, effective temperature, gravity and elemental composition. The Gaia mission will create a precise three-dimensional map of astronomical objects throughout the Milky Way and map their motions, which encode the origin and subsequent evolution of the Milky Way. Additionally, Gaia is expected to detect thousands to tens of thousands of Jupiter-sized exoplanets beyond the Solar System, 500,000 quasars outside our galaxy and tens of thousands of new asteroids and comets within the Solar System. Gaia targets objects brighter than magnitude 20 in a broad photometric band that covers most of the visual range such objects represent approximately 1% of the Milky Way population. As its detectors are not degrading as fast as initially expected, the mission could therefore be extended. The spacecraft has enough micro-propulsion fuel to operate until about November 2024. The spacecraft monitored each of its target objects about 70 times over the first five years of the mission to study the precise position and motion of each target, and will keep doing so. The mission aims to construct by far the largest and most precise 3D space catalog ever made, totalling approximately 1 billion astronomical objects, mainly stars, but also planets, comets, asteroids and quasars, among others. The spacecraft is designed for astrometry: measuring the positions, distances and motions of stars with unprecedented precision. Gaia is a space observatory of the European Space Agency (ESA), launched in 2013 and expected to operate until c.

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